The CRI was designed to track resolution of neurophysiological symptoms following sports-related concussion and focuses on assessing cognitive functions associated with those symptoms. The CRI uses a number of short subtests that measure reaction time and speeded decision-making, both of which can be affected by changes in speed of information processing. Three factors are empirically derived from the subtests:
1. Simple Reaction Time
2. Complex Reaction Time
3. Processing Speed
The CRI norms were gathered to be useful with heterogeneous groups of high-school and college/adult athletes.
Demographic Data for Normative Subjects
| |
Frequency |
Percent |
Gender |
Male |
334 |
50 |
Female |
334 |
50 |
Ethnicity |
African-American |
87 |
13.02
|
Asian-American |
46 |
6.89 |
Caucasian |
408 |
61.08 |
Hispanic |
24 |
3.59 |
Other |
47 |
7.04 |
Unknown |
56 |
8.38 |
| |
Frequency |
Percent |
Mean |
SD |
Age |
Under Age 18 |
220 |
32.93 |
16.01 |
1.49 |
18-22 |
194 |
29.04 |
25.70 |
6.64 |
Adults |
254 |
38.02 |
36.60 |
13.09 |
The CRI correlates with traditional face-to-face tests that assess
speed of information processing and are known to be sensitive to post-concussion symptoms.
The CRI measures response time more accurately than face-to-face tests, and it has the ability to statistically account for known practice effects over multiple test administrations. Also, errors can be tracked across multiple subtests, providing valuable speed vs. accuracy data. Multiple equivalent alternate forms have been developed to afford simple, reliable, serial assessment of change, relative to a baseline test completed by the athlete.
Correlations of CRI Subtests with Cognitive Tests of Visuomotor Speed
CRI Indices |
Processing
Speed Index |
Simple Reaction
Time Index |
Complex Reaction
Time Index |
Symbol Digit Modalities Test |
**0.66 |
*0.31 |
*0.39 |
WAIS-III |
• Symbol Search |
**0.58 |
*0.34 |
0.29 |
• Digit Symbol |
0.05 |
*0.45 |
0.18 |
Grooved Pegboard |
• Dominant Hand |
**0.60 |
*0.46 |
**0.59 |
• Non-Dominant Hand |
**0.57 |
**0.60 |
***0.70 |
Trail Making Test |
• Part A |
0.11 |
**0.56 |
*0.40 |
• Part B |
*0.37 |
0.22 |
*0.06 |
Effect sizes are denoted as: *moderate, **moderately large, and ***large.
Test-Retest Reliabilities
CRI Summary Indices
Time 1 : Time 2 (2 Weeks) |
CRI Indices |
Under 18 |
18 - 22 |
Adults |
Processing Speed Index |
0.79 |
0.90 |
0.82 |
Simple Reaction Time |
0.72 |
0.73 |
0.70 |
Complex Reaction Time |
0.65 |
0.72 |
0.68 |
Last updated: October 15, 2003
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